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Ceramic water filter for point-of-use water treatment in developing countries: Principles, challenges

Haiyan Yang, Shangping Xu, Derek E. Chitwood, Yin Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1254-9

摘要： • CWF is a sustainable POU water treatment method for developing areas. • CWF manufacturing process is critical for its filtration performance. • Simultaneous increase of flow rate and pathogen removal is a challenge. • Control of pore size distribution holds promises to improve CWF efficiency. • Novel coatings of CWFs are a promising method to improve contaminant removal. Drinking water source contamination poses a great threat to human health in developing countries. Point-of-use (POU) water treatment techniques, which improve drinking water quality at the household level, offer an affordable and convenient way to obtain safe drinking water and thus can reduce the outbreaks of waterborne diseases. Ceramic water filters (CWFs), fabricated from locally sourced materials and manufactured by local labor, are one of the most socially acceptable POU water treatment technologies because of their effectiveness, low-cost and ease of use. This review concisely summarizes the critical factors that influence the performance of CWFs, including (1) CWF manufacturing process (raw material selection, firing process, silver impregnation), and (2) source water quality. Then, an in-depth discussion is presented with emphasis on key research efforts to address two major challenges of conventional CWFs, including (1) simultaneous increase of filter flow rate and bacterial removal efficiency, and (2) removal of various concerning pollutants, such as viruses and metal(loid)s. To promote the application of CWFs, future research directions can focus on: (1) investigation of pore size distribution and pore structure to achieve higher flow rates and effective pathogen removal by elucidating pathogen transport in porous ceramic and adjusting manufacture parameters; and (2) exploration of new surface modification approaches with enhanced interaction between a variety of contaminants and ceramic surfaces.

关键词： Point-of-use water treatment     Ceramic water filter     Bacterial removal     Surface modification     Water quality    

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Technical feasibility study of an onshore ballast water treatment system

Shengjie LIU, Manxia ZHANG, Xiang LI, Xiaojia TANG, Lingling ZHANG, Yimin ZHU, Chengyu YUAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 610-614 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0379-2

摘要： To fulfill the requirements of (G8), a set of onshore ballast water treatment equipment utilizing micro-pore ceramic filtration (MPCF) and UV radiation (MPCF&UV) system was designed and set up with a maximum flow rate of 80 m ·h . Technical feasibilities of MPCF&UV system were evaluated in three areas: removal efficiencies of indicator organism and oceanic bacteria, perdurability of a ceramic filter, and application on native seawater. The results showed that no indicator organism ( ) or oceanic bacteria was detected after treatment of 20 L MPCF and UV radiation at 1.3× 10 μW·s·cm . A 20 L ceramic filter can run continuously for 5.3 h at the flow rate of 15 m ·h before its pressure drop up to 0.195 MPa. The removal percentage of total plankton amounts were 91.9% at a flow rate of 70 m ·h by 80 L MPCF and UV radiation at 1.3× 10 μW·s·cm .

关键词： ballast water     ceramic filter     UV     plankton     oceanic bacteria    

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Ceramic membrane fouling mechanisms and control for water treatment

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1726-9

摘要：

● The fouling is summarized based on ceramic membrane performance and pollutants.

关键词： Ceramic membrane     Fouling model     Fouling control    

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The energy-free purification of trace thallium(I)-contaminated potable water using a high-selective filter

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2379-8

摘要： Thallium is a highly toxic metal, and trace amount of thallium(I) (Tl+) in potable water could cause a severe water crisis, which arouses the exploitation of highly-effective technology for purification of Tl+ contaminated water. This report proposes the multi-layered Prussian blue (PB)-decorated composite membranes (PBx@PDA/PEI-FP) based on the aminated filter papers for Tl+ uptake. Extensively characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer-attenuated total reflectance, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were performed to confirm the in situ growth of cubic PB crystals on filter paper membrane surfaces via the aminated layers, and the successful fabrication of multi-layered PB overcoats via the increasing of aminated layers. The effect of PB layers on Tl+ removal by PBx@PDA/PEI-FP from simulated drinking water was evaluated as well as the influence of different experimental conditions. A trade-off between PB decoration layer number and PB distribution sizes is existed in Tl+ uptake by PBx@PDA/PEI-FP. The double-layered PB2@PDA/PEI-FP membrane showed the maximum sorption capacity, but its Tl+ uptake performance was weakened by the acid, coexisting ions (K+ and Na+) and powerful operation pressure, during filtrating a large volume of low-concentrated Tl+-containing water. However, the negative effect of coexisting ions on the Tl+ uptake could be effectively eliminated in weak alkaline water, and the Tl+ removal was increased up to 100% without any pressure driving for PB2@PDA/PEI-FP membrane. Most importantly, PB2@PDA/PEI-FP displayed the high-efficiency and high-selectivity in purifying the Tl+-spiked Pearl River water, in which the residual Tl+ in filtrate was less than 2 μg·L–1 to meet the drinking water standard of United States Environmental Protection Agency. This work provides a feasible avenue to safeguard the drinking water in remote and underdeveloped area via the energy-free operation.

关键词： membrane adsorption     Prussian blue     energy-free filtration     potable water     trace thallium(I)    

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Brazing of ceramic-to-ceramic and ceramic-to-metal joints in air

Kirsten BOBZIN, Thomas SCHLAEFER, Lidong ZHAO, Nils KOPP, Arne SCHLEGEL

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第2期   页码 125-129 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0007-z

摘要： Reactive air brazing (RAB) is an emerging technology for the production of ceramic-to-ceramic and ceramic-to-metal joints. In this study, RAB was investigated with respect to the potential applications for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) as one example of use. It was found that alumina could be well brazed by RAB with AgCu and AgCuTi brazes. Both braze composition and brazing temperature influenced significantly the wetting behavior and their mechanism of wetting. AgCu and AgCuTi braze alloys could also be used to produce brazed joints with the SOFC materials ceramic yttria stabilized zirconia and steel X1CrTiLa22. However, CuO reacts with the steel, forming a brittle oxide layer on the steel surface, which is undesirable for SOFC applications. The first trials with Ag0.5Al showed a promising solution.

关键词： reactive air brazing (RAB)     X1CrTiLa22     Al2O3     yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ)     solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)    

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Experimental and computational assessment of 1,4-Dioxane degradation in a photo-Fenton reactive ceramic

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1341-y

摘要：

• 1,4-Dioxane was degraded via the photo-Fenton reactive membrane filtration.

关键词： Photo-Fenton     Ceramic membrane     1     4-Dioxane     Goethite    

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Dynamical research on spherical micro actuator with piezoelectric ceramic stacks drivers

ZHANG Ruihua, CHEN Haichu

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第2卷 第4期   页码 433-438 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0074-y

摘要： This paper develops a 30 mm × 30 mm × 50 mm spherical micro actuator driven by piezoelectric ceramic stacks (PZT), and analyzes its dynamic performances. First, the space coordinate relationship of the spherical micro actuator and a dynamic model are set up. Second, The Runge-Kutta arithmetic is used to calculate the dynamical parameters of the micro actuator; the SIMULINK module of MATLAB is used to build the dynamical simulating model and then simulate it. Third, an experimental sample of the spherical micro actuator is developed, a micromanipulator is integrated with a micro-gripper based on the sample spherical micro actuator, and the experimental research on the micro assembly is conducted between a micro shaft of 180 μm and a micro spindle sleeve of 200 μm. Finally, the characteristics of the spherical micro actuator influenced by the mass of the metal sphere of the micro actuator, driving signal frequency, friction coefficient of the contact surface between the metal sphere and the friction block of the micro driving unit are analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the rotation resolution of the micro actuator reaches 0.000 1°, the rotation positioning precision reaches 0.000 5°, and the maximum working frequency is about 1200 Hz. The experimental results validate the back rotation vibration model of the spherical micro actuator. The micromanipulator integrated by the spherical micro actuator can meet the requirements of precise micro operation and assembly for micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) or other microelements in micro degree fields.

关键词： spherical     micro-gripper     friction coefficient     dynamic     frequency    

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面向绿色化工应用的陶瓷催化膜反应器的设计与制备 Feature Article

张广儒, 金万勤, 徐南平

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第6期   页码 848-860 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.05.001

摘要：

催化膜反应器将反应和分离耦合在一个单元，在化工生产中被视为一种绿色的化工新工艺。而在催化膜反应器中采用陶瓷膜可以使膜反应器的应用范围扩展到一些苛刻环境。本文介绍了基于气体分离的致密陶瓷催化膜反应器和基于非均相体系分离的多孔陶瓷催化膜反应器，评述了近10 年两种不同种类的膜反应器的最新进展以及本课题组的相关工作。面向能源、环境领域的应用，对膜反应器的设计、制备及应用展开重点讨论。针对各个膜反应器，从膜及膜反应器构型入手，以典型的催化反应为例，对膜反应器的设计及优化进行详细论述，最后探讨了进一步发展所面临的瓶颈和可能取得突破的方向，以及膜与膜反应器未来发展应重点关注的领域。

关键词： 致密膜     多孔膜     催化膜反应器     气体分离     非均相催化    

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Enhanced cross-flow filtration with flat-sheet ceramic membranes by titanium-based coagulation for membrane

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1531-x

摘要：

• Ceramic membrane filtration showed high performance for surface water treatment.

关键词： Ceramic membrane     Coagulation     Polytitanium chloride     Membrane fouling    

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organic matter and disinfection by-products precursors in a hybrid process combining ozonation with ceramic

Xiaojiang FAN,Yi TAO,Dequan WEI,Xihui ZHANG,Ying LEI,Hiroshi NOGUCHI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 112-120 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0745-y

摘要： The performance of an integrated process including coagulation, ozonation, ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) and biologic activated carbon (BAC) filtration was investigated for the removal of organic matter and disinfection by-products (DBPs) precursors from micro-polluted surface water. A pilot scale plant with the capacity of 120 m per day was set up and operated for the treatment of drinking water. Ceramic membranes were used with the filtration area of 50 m and a pore size of 60 nm. Dissolved organic matter was divided into five fractions including hydrophobic acid (HoA), base (HoB) and neutral (HoN), weakly hydrophobic acid (WHoA) and hydrophilic matter (HiM) by DAX-8 and XAD-4 resins. The experiment results showed that the removal of organic matter was significantly improved with ozonation in advance. In sum, the integrated process removed 73% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 87% of UV , 77% of trihalomethane (THMs) precursors, 76% of haloacetic acid (HAAs) precursors, 83%of trichloracetic aldehyde (CH) precursor, 77% of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) precursor, 51% of trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN) precursor, 96% of 1,1,1-trichloroacetone (TCP) precursor and 63% of trichloronitromethane (TCNM) precursor. Hydrophobic organic matter was converted into hydrophilic organic matter during ozonation/UF, while the organic matter with molecular weight of 1000–3000 Da was remarkably decreased and converted into lower molecular weight organic matter ranged from 200–500 Da. DOC had a close linear relationship with the formation potential of DBPs.

关键词： ceramic ultrafiltration(UF)     ozonation     organic matter     hydrophilic     hydrophobic     disinfection by-products    

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砂卵石条件下泥水分离技术研究与应用

王广余,孙善辉,苏清贵

《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第12期   页码 41-45

摘要：

通过北京铁路北京站至北京西站地下直径线工程泥水处理系统的研究与应用实践经验，总结了城市繁华地段砂卵石条件下大直径盾构泥水分离应用技术，希望对类似工程有借鉴作用。

关键词： 泥水盾构     泥水分离     压滤    

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Processing of high-precision ceramic balls with a spiral V-groove plate

Ming FENG,Yongbo WU,Julong YUAN,Zhao PING

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第1期   页码 132-142 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0436-z

摘要：

As the demand for high-performance bearings gradually increases, ceramic balls with excellent properties, such as high accuracy, high reliability, and high chemical durability used, are extensively used for high-performance bearings. In this study, a spiral V-groove plate method is employed in processing high-precision ceramic balls. After the kinematic analysis of the ball-spin angle and enveloped lapping trajectories, an experimental rig is constructed and experiments are conducted to confirm the feasibility of this method. Kinematic analysis results indicate that the method not only allows for the control of the ball-spin angle but also uniformly distributes the enveloped lapping trajectories over the entire ball surface. Experimental results demonstrate that the novel spiral V-groove plate method performs better than the conventional concentric V-groove plate method in terms of roundness, surface roughness, diameter difference, and diameter decrease rate. Ceramic balls with a G3-level accuracy are achieved, and their typical roundness, minimum surface roughness, and diameter difference are 0.05, 0.0045, and 0.105 mm, respectively. These findings confirm that the proposed method can be applied to high-accuracy and high-consistency ceramic ball processing.

关键词： bearing     ceramic ball     spiral V-groove     kinematic analysis     trajectory    

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A zone-layered trimming method for ceramic core of aero-engine blade based on an advanced reconfigurable

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0675-5

摘要： Ceramic structural parts are one of the most widely utilized structural parts in the industry. However, they usually contain defects following the pressing process, such as burrs. Therefore, additional trimming is usually required, despite the deformation challenges and difficulty in positioning. This paper proposes an ultrafast laser processing system for trimming complex ceramic structural parts. Opto-electromechanical cooperative control software is developed to control the laser processing system. The trimming problem of the ceramic cores used in aero engines is studied. The regional registration method is introduced based on the iterative closest point algorithm to register the path extracted from the computer-aided design model with the deformed ceramic core. A zonal and layering processing method for three-dimensional contours on complex surfaces is proposed to generate the working data of high-speed scanning galvanometer and the computer numerical control machine tool, respectively. The results show that the laser system and the method proposed in this paper are suitable for trimming complex non-datum parts such as ceramic cores. Compared with the results of manual trimming, the method proposed in this paper has higher accuracy, efficiency, and yield. The method mentioned above has been used in practical application with satisfactory results.

关键词： ceramic parts trimming     computer-aided laser manufacturing     3D vision     reconfigurable laser processing system    

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Grindability of high-temperature alloy with ceramic alumina wheels

ZHANG Hongxia, CHEN Wuyi, CHEN Zhitong

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第3卷 第2期   页码 139-145 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0040-3

摘要： The grindability of high-temperature alloy by using ceramic alumina wheels is studied on the basis of extensive analysis of the grinding force, grinding temperature, surface roughness and topography of ground surfaces, residual stress, hardness distribution of surface layer, and morphology of the surface layer from a metallographic point of view. The grinding burn mechanism of high-temperature alloy is unveiled and the feasible grinding parameters to avoid burning are analyzed. Some conclusions are obtained as follows. Increasing the grinding depth or the wheel velocity makes grinding temperature and residual tensile stress of the surface rise, which deteriorates the surface topography. Appropriate liner velocity of the wheel is 18–22 m/s and the depth of grinding should not exceed 0.02 mm in grinding GH2132 alloy with ceramic alumina wheels to assure the surface quality. When increases enough to cause grinding burn, the strengthening effect of particles ′ in base decrease and the micro-hardness of the surface is obviously lower than that of the base material, which deteriorates the mechanical properties and heat resistance of GH2132 alloy. Results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for technical optimization in the grinding of high-temperature alloy with high efficiency and high quality.

关键词： metallographic     topography     grinding GH2132     resistance     decrease    

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Implicit Heaviside filter with high continuity based on suitably graded THB splines

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第1期   页码 14-14 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0670-2

摘要： The variable density topology optimization (TO) method has been applied to various engineering fields because it can effectively and efficiently generate the conceptual design for engineering structures. However, it suffers from the problem of low continuity resulting from the discreteness of both design variables and explicit Heaviside filter. In this paper, an implicit Heaviside filter with high continuity is introduced to generate black and white designs for TO where the design space is parameterized by suitably graded truncated hierarchical B-splines (THB). In this approach, the fixed analysis mesh of isogeometric analysis is decoupled from the design mesh, whose adaptivity is implemented by truncated hierarchical B-spline subjected to an admissible requirement. Through the intrinsic local support and high continuity of THB basis, an implicit adaptively adjusted Heaviside filter is obtained to remove the checkboard patterns and generate black and white designs. Threefold advantages are attained in the proposed filter: a) The connection between analysis mesh and adaptive design mesh is easily established compared with the traditional adaptive TO method using nodal density; b) the efficiency in updating design variables is remarkably improved than the traditional implicit sensitivity filter based on B-splines under successive global refinement; and c) the generated black and white designs are preliminarily compatible with current commercial computer aided design system. Several numerical examples are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed implicit Heaviside filter in compliance and compliant mechanism as well as heat conduction TO problems.

关键词： topology optimization     truncated hierarchical B-spline     isogeometric analysis     black and white designs     Heaviside filter    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Ceramic water filter for point-of-use water treatment in developing countries: Principles, challenges

Haiyan Yang, Shangping Xu, Derek E. Chitwood, Yin Wang

期刊论文

Technical feasibility study of an onshore ballast water treatment system

Shengjie LIU, Manxia ZHANG, Xiang LI, Xiaojia TANG, Lingling ZHANG, Yimin ZHU, Chengyu YUAN

期刊论文

Ceramic membrane fouling mechanisms and control for water treatment

期刊论文

The energy-free purification of trace thallium(I)-contaminated potable water using a high-selective filter

期刊论文

Brazing of ceramic-to-ceramic and ceramic-to-metal joints in air

Kirsten BOBZIN, Thomas SCHLAEFER, Lidong ZHAO, Nils KOPP, Arne SCHLEGEL

期刊论文

Experimental and computational assessment of 1,4-Dioxane degradation in a photo-Fenton reactive ceramic

期刊论文

Dynamical research on spherical micro actuator with piezoelectric ceramic stacks drivers

ZHANG Ruihua, CHEN Haichu

期刊论文

面向绿色化工应用的陶瓷催化膜反应器的设计与制备

张广儒, 金万勤, 徐南平

期刊论文

Enhanced cross-flow filtration with flat-sheet ceramic membranes by titanium-based coagulation for membrane

期刊论文

organic matter and disinfection by-products precursors in a hybrid process combining ozonation with ceramic

Xiaojiang FAN,Yi TAO,Dequan WEI,Xihui ZHANG,Ying LEI,Hiroshi NOGUCHI

期刊论文

砂卵石条件下泥水分离技术研究与应用

王广余,孙善辉,苏清贵

期刊论文

Processing of high-precision ceramic balls with a spiral V-groove plate

Ming FENG,Yongbo WU,Julong YUAN,Zhao PING

期刊论文

A zone-layered trimming method for ceramic core of aero-engine blade based on an advanced reconfigurable

期刊论文

Grindability of high-temperature alloy with ceramic alumina wheels

ZHANG Hongxia, CHEN Wuyi, CHEN Zhitong

期刊论文

Implicit Heaviside filter with high continuity based on suitably graded THB splines

期刊论文